Production Engineering Interview Questions and Answers
Question - 31 : - What Is Heat Treatment And Why Is It Done?
Answer - 31 : -
Heat treatment can be defined as a combination of processes or operations in which the heating and cooling of a metal or alloy is done in order to obtain desirable characteristics without changing the compositions.
Some of the motives or purpose of heat treatment are as follows:-
- In order to improve the hardness of metals.
- For the softening of the metal.
- In order to improve the machinability of the metal.
- To change the grain size.
- To provide better resistance to heat, corrosion, wear etc.
Heat treatment is generally performed in the following ways:
- Normalizing
- Annealing
- Spheroidising
- Hardening
- Tempering
- Surface or case hardening
Question - 32 : - What Are The Different Types Of Springs And Explain Them Briefly?
Answer - 32 : -
Springs can be broadly classified into the following types:
Helical Springs: These springs as their name suggests are in coil form and are in the shape of helix. The primary purpose of such springs is to handle compressive and tensile loads. They can be further classified into two types: compression helical spring and tension helical spring each having their own unique areas of application.
Conical and Volute springs: Both these spring types have specialized areas of usage where springs with adaptable rate according to the load is required. In case of conical springs they are wound so as to have a uniform pitch while on the other hand volute springs are wound in a slight manner of a parabolic.
Torsion Springs: The characteristics of such springs are that they tend to wind up by the load. They can be either helical or spiral in shape. These types of springs are used in circuit breaker mechanisms.
Leaf springs: These types of springs are comprised of metal plates of different lengths held together with the help of bolts and clamps. Commonly seen being used as suspensions for vehicles.
Disc Springs: As the name suggests such types of springs are comprised of conical discs held together by a bolt or tube.
Special Purpose Springs: These springs are all together made of different materials such as air and water.
Question - 33 : - What Are The Different Types Of Brakes And Explain Them Briefly?
Answer - 33 : -
Brakes can be classified on the basis of their medium used to brake, they are as follows:
Hydraulic Brakes: These brakes as their name suggest use a fluid medium to push or repel the brake pads for braking.
Electric Brakes: These brakes use electrical energy to deplete or create a braking force.
Both the above types of breaks are used primarily for applications where a large amount of energy is to be transformed.
Mechanical Brakes: They can be further classified on the basis of the direction of their acting force: Radial Brakes: As their names suggests the force that acts on the brakes is of radial direction. They can further be classified into internal and external blades. Axial Brakes: In these types of brakes the braking force is acting in an axial direction as compared to radial brakes.
Question - 34 : - What Are Bevel Gears And What Are Its Types?
Answer - 34 : -
Bevel gears are the type of gears in which the two shafts happen to intersect. The gear faces which are tooth bearing are conical in shape. They are generally mounted on shafts which are 90 degrees apart but they can be made to work at other angles as well.
The bevel gears are classified into the following types on the basis of pitch surfaces and shaft angles:
- Mitre Gears: These types of gears are similar to each other ie. they have the same pitch angles and contain the same number of teeth. The shaft axes intersect at 90 degrees angle.
- Angular bevel gears: When two bevel gears connect at any angle apart from 90 degrees.
- Crown bevel gears: When the two shaft axes intersect at an angle greater than 90 and one of the bevel gears have a pitch angle of 90 degrees they are known as crown bevel gears.
- Internal bevel gears: In these type of gears the teeth on the gears is cut on the inside area of the pitch cone.
Question - 35 : - What Is A Bearing? What Are The Different Types Of Bearings?
Answer - 35 : -
Bearing is a device that helps smoother movement with minimal friction which in turn helps enhances efficiency and speed. Considering two types of loading, radial and thrust, there are different types of bearings which help handle these loads. The basic difference in the types of loads is essentially due to their ability to handle weight and different kinds of loads for various applications.
Different types of bearings are:
- Ball bearing
- Roller bearing
- Ball Thrust bearing
- Roller thrust bearing
- Tapered roller bearing
- Magnetic bearings
- Giant Roller Bearing
Question - 36 : - What Is A Process Flow Diagram?
Answer - 36 : -
A Process Flow Diagram is a user friendly, simplified sketch which illustrates general plant streams, major equipments and key central loops and shows the relationship between major components in the system. By using symbols to identify instruments and vessels it describes the primary flow course. They also provide e detail of mass/energy balance data along with stream composition and physical properties, however do not show minor components.
Question - 37 : - Which Is The Hardest Material On Earth?
Answer - 37 : -
Diamond is currently the hardest material, made up of carbon atoms which cannot move. Carbon is the only atom that can have four electrons in the second shell surrounding the carbon nucleus, precisely why making a diamond the hardest material. However, there also are claims by a few to a new rare material called Wurtzite Boron Nitride which has a structure similar to a diamond but has some other atoms in place of carbon.
Question - 38 : - What Kind Of Pipes Are Used For Steam Lines?
Answer - 38 : -
Pressure and temperature are two of the most important factors to be considered before selecting the type of material to be used. Steam is a compressible gas due to which the capacity of the pipe line depends on the size of the pipes and pressure of the steam. Since steam at even low pressure can be dangerous, extra care is to be taken. Galvanized pipes are usually not used for steam. Pipes made of mild steel with welded fittings are instead largely used.
Question - 39 : - Explain The Difference Between Pipe And A Tube?
Answer - 39 : -
A pipe is measured based on its inner diameter (ID) whereas a tube is measured based on the outer diameter (OD). Other than the dimensions there is no major difference between the two.
Question - 40 : - What Is The Difference Between Torque And Power?
Answer - 40 : -
While power determines the speed of a vehicle, torque determines the times in which that speed can be reached. The greater the torque figure, the faster the acceleration. The more torque in the engine, the faster you accelerate. Power is the rate at which work is done, so it is basically the potential of the engine.