Manual Testing Interview Questions and Answers
Question - 61 : - What is boundary value analysis?
Answer - 61 : - Boundary value analysis is a software testing technique for designing test cases wherein the boundary values of the classes of the equivalence class partitioning are taken as input to the test cases e.g. if the test data lies in the range of 0-100, the boundary value analysis will include test data – 0,1, 99, 100.
Question - 62 : - Explain equivalence class partitioning.
Answer - 62 : -
Equivalence class partitioning is a specification-based black-box testing technique. In equivalence class partitioning, a set of input data that defines different test conditions are partitioned into logically similar groups such that using even a single test data from the group for testing can be considered as similar to using all the other data in that group.
For example, for testing a Square program (a program that prints the square of a number), the equivalence classes can be-
Set of Negative numbers, whole numbers, decimal numbers, set of large numbers, etc.
Question - 63 : - Explain the different types of specification-based test design techniques?
Answer - 63 : -
Specification-based test design techniques are also referred to as black-box testing. It involves testing based on the specification of the system under test without knowing its internal architecture. The different types of specification-based test design or black box testing techniques are-
- Equivalence partitioning – Grouping test data into logical groups or equivalence classes with the assumption that all the data items lying in the classes will have the same effect on the application.
- Boundary value analysis – Testing using the boundary values of the equivalence classes taken as the test input.
- Decision tables – Testing using decision tables showing the application’s behavior based on a different combination of input values.
- Cause-effect graph – Testing using a graphical representation of the result or outcome and all the factors that affect the outcome.
- State transition testing – Testing based on the state machine model.
- Use case testing – Testing carried out using use cases.
Answer - 64 : - Testing performed by executing or running the application under test either manually or using automation.
Question - 65 : - What is Static Testing?
Answer - 65 : -
Static testing is a kind of testing for reviewing the work products or documentation that are being created throughout the entire project. It allows reviewing the specifications, business requirements, documentation, processes and functional requirements in the initial phase of testing.
So that the testers involved in it can understand the requirements in more detail before starting the testing lifecycle which intends to help in delivering the quality product.
Question - 66 : - Explain the bug life cycle or the different states of a bug.
Answer - 66 : -
A bug goes through the following phases in software development-
- New – A bug or defect when detected is in New state.
- Assigned – The newly detected bug when assigned to the corresponding developer is in the Assigned state.
- Open – When the developer works on the bug, the bug lies in the Open state.
- Rejected/Not a bug – A bug lies in rejected state in case the developer feels the bug is not genuine.
- Deferred – A deferred bug is one, fix of which is deferred for some time(for the next releases) based on the urgency and criticality of the bug.
- Fixed – When a bug is resolved by the developer it is marked as fixed.
- Test – When fixed the bug is assigned to the tester and during this time the bug is marked as in Test.
- Reopened – If the tester is not satisfied with the issue resolution the bug is moved to the Reopened state.
- Verified – After the Test phase, if the tester feels the bug is resolved, it is marked as verified.
- Closed – After the bug is verified, it is moved to Closed status.
Answer - 67 : - A critical bug is a bug that impacts a major functionality of the application and the application cannot be delivered without fixing the bug. It is different from the blocker bug as it doesn’t affect or blocks the testing of other parts of the application.
Question - 68 : - What is a blocker?
Answer - 68 : - A blocker is a bug of high priority and high severity. It prevents or blocks testing of some other major portion of the application as well.
Question - 69 : - Give an example of Low priority-Low severity, Low priority-High severity, High priority-Low severity, High priority-High severity defects.
Answer - 69 : -
Below are the examples for different combinations of priority and severity-
- Low priority-Low severity – A spelling mistake in a page not frequently navigated by users.
- Low priority-High severity – Application crashing in some very corner case.
- High priority-Low severity – Slight change in logo color or spelling mistake in the company name.
- High priority-High severity – Issue with login functionality.
Answer - 70 : - Defect severity is the severity of the defect impacting the functionality. Based on the organization, we can have different levels of defect severity ranging from minor to critical or show stopper.