To know the net effect of all the business transactions recorded in the ledger account, the accounts need to be balanced. Thus, Balancing of Ledger Account means the balances of Debit and Credit side should be equal and this involves following steps:

Profit and Loss Account is a period statement which is prepared to show the profit or loss incurred by the Organization in the year for which it is prepared. It is prepared to disclose the result of operations of all the business transactions during a given period of time. It is also known as profitability statement .It is the final result of all business transactions of the organization. Profit and Loss account has four components namely Manufacturing Account, Trading Account, Profit and Loss Account and Profit and Loss Appropriation Account. Gross profit or Gross loss so calculated in trading account is taken to the profit and loss account.

Balance Sheet is a Statement showing financial position of the business on a particular date. It has two side one source of funds i.e Liabilities, the left side of the balance sheet and application of funds i.e assets, the right side of the balance sheet. It is prepared after preparing trading and profit and loss account and has balances of real and personal accounts grouped and arranged in a proper way as assets and liabilities. It is prepared to know the exact financial position of the business on the last date of the financial year.

Items which appear under the liability side of Balance Sheet are:

Adjustment entries are the entries which are passed at the end of each accounting period to adjust the nominal and other accounts so that correct net profit or net loss is indicated in profit and loss account and balance sheet may also represent the true and fair view of the financial condition of the business.

It is essential to pass these adjustment entries before preparing final statements. Otherwise in the absence of these entries the profit and loss statement will be misleading and balance sheet will not show the true financial condition of the business.

Bank Reconciliation Statement is a statement prepared to reconcile the balances of cash book maintained by the concern and pass book maintained by the bank at periodical intervals. At the end of every month entries in the cash book are compared with the entries in the pass book. The causes of differences in balances of both the books are scrutinized and then reconciliation statement is prepared.

This statement is prepared for a special purpose and once in a month. It is prepared with a view to indicate items which cause difference between the balances as per the bank columns of the cash book and the bank pass book at a particular date.

Previous Next