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CSS Interview Questions and Answers

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CSS Interview Questions and Answers

Question - 41 : - Can Style Sheets and HTML stylistic elements be used in the same document?

Answer - 41 : - Yes. Style Sheets will be ignored in browsers without CSS-support and HTML stylistic elements used.

Question - 42 : - What are pseudo-classes?

Answer - 42 : - Pseudo-classes are fictional element types that do not exist in HTML. In CSS1 there is only one element type which can be classed this way, namely the A element (anchor). By creating three fictional types of the A element individual style can be attached to each class. These three fictional element types are: A as unvisited link, A as active link and A as visited link. Pseudo-classes are created by a colon followed by pseudo-class's name. They can also be combined with normal classes, e.g.: A:link {background: black; color: white} A:active {background: black; color: red} A:visited {background: transparent; color: black} This anchor (or rather these anchors) will be displayed as declared above A.foot:link {background: black; color: white} A.foft:active {background; black: color: red} A.foot:visited {background: transparent; color: black} This anchor and all other anchors with CLASS foot will be displayed as declared above

Question - 43 : - How do I design for backward compatibility using Style Sheets?

Answer - 43 : - Existing HTML style methods (such as and ) may be easily combined with style sheet specification methods. Browsers that do not understand style sheets will use the older HTML formatting methods, and style sheets specifications can control the appearance of these elements in browsers that support CSS1.

Question - 44 : - As a reader, how can I make my browser recognize my own style sheet?

Answer - 44 : - Netscape It is not possible to do this in Netscape yet (as of version 4.0.) Internet Explorer 3.0 (Win95/NT) [It is possible to do this at least in Windows95/NT, but no user interface is provided. Unknown how this might be accomplished on other operating systems.] 1. Open the Registry editor (Start..Run..regedit..ENTER) 2. Under the 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\InternetExplorer\Styles' key, Edit..New..String Value 3. The new value should be called 'StyleSheet Pathname' 4. For the value, type in the full directory path of your .css style sheet. Internet Explorer 4.0 (Win95/NT) 1. Under the View menu, select 'Internet Options'. 2. Under the 'General' tab, choose the 'Accessibility' button. 3. Choose the 'Format documents using my style sheet' check box and 'Browse...' to the location of your .css style sheet.

Question - 45 : - How do I get rid of the gap under my image?

Answer - 45 : - Images are inline elements, which means they are treated in the same way as text. Most people kind of know this - they know that if you use 'text-align:center' on an image it will be centred. What many people don't realise is that this means you will have a gap underneath an image. This gap is for the descenders of letters like j,q,p,y and g. To get rid of this gap you need to make the image block-level - like this : CSS img {display:block;} One problem that this can cause is when you want to have a few images next to each other - if they are block-level, they won't be next to each other. To get around that, you can use float:left. Of course, this might present another problem - maybe you don't want the image to float left. In this case, you can use an unordered list like this : CSS ul, li { list-style-type:none; padding:0; margin:0 auto; } ul { width:150px; } li { float:left; } HTML

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Question - 46 : - Why use Style Sheets?

Answer - 46 : - Style sheets allow a much greater degree of layout and display control than has ever been possible thus far in HTML. The amount of format coding necessary to control display characteristics can be greatly reduced through the use of external style sheets which can be used by a group of documents. Also, multiple style sheets can be integrated from different sources to form a cohesive tapestry of styles for a document. Style sheets are also backward compatible - They can be mixed with HTML styling elements and attributes so that older browsers can view content as intended.

Question - 47 : - What does the "Cascading" in "Cascading Style Sheets" mean?

Answer - 47 : - Style Sheets allow style information to be specified from many locations. Multiple (partial) external style sheets can be referenced to reduce redundancy, and both authors as well as readers can specify style preferences. In addition, three main methods can be employed by an author to add style information to HTML documents, and multiple approaches for style control are available in each of these methods. In the end, style can be specified for a single element using any, or all, of these methods. What style is to be used when there is a direct conflict between style specifications for an element? Cascading comes to the rescue. A document can have styles specified using all of these methods, but all the information will be reduced to a single, cohesive "virtual" Style Sheet. Conflict resolution is based on each style rule having an assigned weight according to its importance in the scheme of things. A rule with a higher overall importance will carry a higher weight. This will be used in place of a competing style rule with a lower weight/importance. A hierarchy of competing styles is thus formed creating a "cascade" of styles according to their assigned weights. The algorithm used to determine this cascading weight scale is fairly complex.

Question - 48 : - What is CSS rule 'at-rule'?

Answer - 48 : - There are two types of CSS rules: ruleset and at-rule. At-rule is a rule that applies to the whole style sheet and not to a specific selector only (like in ruleset). They all begin with the @ symbol followed by a keyword made up of letters a-z, A-Z, digits 0-9, dashes and escaped characters, e.g. @import or @font-face.

Question - 49 : - What is selector?

Answer - 49 : - CSS selector is equivalent of HTML element(s). It is a string identifying to which element(s) the corresponding declaration(s) will apply and as such the link between the HTML document and the style sheet. For example in P {text-indent: 10pt} the selector is P and is called type selector as it matches all instances of this element type in the document. in P, UL {text-indent: 10pt} the selector is P and UL (see grouping); in .class {text-indent: 10pt} the selector is .class (see class selector).

Question - 50 : - What is CLASS selector?

Answer - 50 : - Class selector is a "stand alone" class to which a specific style is declared. Using the CLASS attribute the declared style can then be associated with any HTML element. The class selectors are created by a period followed by the class's name. The name can contain characters a-z, A-Z, digits 0-9, period, hyphen, escaped characters, Unicode characters 161-255, as well as any Unicode character as a numeric code, however, they cannot start with a dash or a digit. (Note: in HTML the value of the CLASS attribute can contain more characters).It is a good practice to name classes according to their function than their appearance. .footnote {font: 70%} /* class as selector */

This element is associated with the CLASS footnote

And so is this


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