Answer - Angular initializes automatically DOMContentLoaded event or when you download angular.js script is to the browser. After this, AngularJS find the ng-app directive that is the root of angular app compilation. When ng-app directive is found, AngularJS do the following steps: 1) load the module, which is associated with the directive, 2) Create application injector, 3) Compile the DOM from the ng-app root element. This process is known as auto bootstrapping. 48) What is immediately invoked function expressions? IIFEs or Immediately Invoked Function Expressions is a function that executes as soon as it is created. It offers a simple way to isolate the variable declaration. IIFEs contains two major functions: 1) operator() 2) expression()