Answer - he steps involved are as follows: - As the computer is powered on, the BIOS begins execution from ROM, it loads and executes the bootstrap loader. - The NTLDR program is loaded from the root directory of the system disk and determines which boot disk contains the operating system. - NTLDR loads the HAL library, kernel and system hive. The system hive indicates the required boot drivers and loads them one by one. - Kernel execution begins by initializing the system and creating two processes: the system process containing all internal worker threads and the first user-mode initialization process: SMSS. - SMSS further initializes the system by establishing paging files and loading device drivers. - SMSS creates two processes: WINLOGON, which brings up the rest of the system and CSRSS, the Win32 subsystem process.