CI CD Interview Questions and Answers
Question - 21 : - What are the differences between continuous integration, continuous delivery, and continuous deployment?
Answer - 21 : -
Continuous integration merge their changes back to the main branch as often as possible. By doing so, you avoid the integration hell that usually happens when people wait for release day to merge their changes into the release branch.
Continuous delivery is an extension of continuous integration to make sure that you can release new changes to your customers quickly in a sustainable way. This means that on top of having automated your testing, you also have automated your release process and you can deploy your application at any point of time by clicking on a button.
Continuous deployment goes one step further than continuous delivery. With this practice, every change that passes all stages of your production pipeline is released to your customers. There's no human intervention, and only a failed test will prevent a new change to be deployed to production.
Question - 22 : - Explain the workflow of Chef?
Answer - 22 : -
Chef helps in providing ways for defining infrastructure as code and in managing it by writing Automating Infrastructure rather than using manual processes.
Question - 23 : - What is Chef?
Answer - 23 : -
Chef helps in transforming infrastructure into code, it is a tool used for writing scripts and in automating processes.There are 3 types of chefs:
Chef Server - used for storing infrastructure configuration data and also in storing the data necessary for configuring nodes and provides powerful tools which allows for configuring the data.
Chef Node - helps in running our nodes and contacting the chef server for necessary information for configuring the nodes.
Chef Workstation - helps for hosting and modifying cookbooks and all the configuration data.
Question - 24 : - What is the use of SSH?
Answer - 24 : -
Secure Shell acts as an administrative protocol which helps the users to have access and control the remote servers over the internet for using the command line and is an encrypted version of the well known Telnet that is not encrypted and not secured.It helps in ensuring the communication with the remote servers occur in an encrypted form.SSH has a mechanism for remoting user authentication and inputing communication between the client and the host, it also sends the output back to the client.
Question - 25 : - Name the three important DevOps KPIs?
Answer - 25 : -
The 3 important DevOps KPIs are as follows:- Meantime Failure Recovery - the average time taken used for recovering a failure.
- Deployment Frequency - used when the development occurs.
- Percentage of Failed Deployment - used for counting the deployment fails.
Question - 26 : - What are DevOps' core functions?
Answer - 26 : -
Core development activites of DevOps are as follows:
Infrastructure-
- Provisioning
- Configuration
- Orchestration
- Packaging
- Deployment
Software development-
- Code building
- Code coverage
- Unit testing
- Packaging
- Deployment
Question - 27 : - Who uses Microservices?
Answer - 27 : -
Microservices are used by Social Media Pages such as Facebook and Twitter, retailers like Amazon, media provider like Netflix, ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft, and many of the world's largest financial services companies all use microservices.
The trend has seen enterprises moving from a monolithic architecture to microservices applications, setting new standards for container technology and proving the benefits of using this architectural design.
Question - 28 : - What are Microservices?
Answer - 28 : -
Microservices is an architectural style that helps in structuring an application as a collection of services which are: Highly Maintable and Testable, Loosely Coupled, Independently Deployable, Owned by a Small Team, and hemps in enabling rapid, frequent and reliable delivery of large, complex applications and in envolving technology stack.This services helps in allowing and improving business capabilities and also helps in updating without disrupting other services in application.
Question - 29 : - How will you improve a CI/CD Pipeline?
Answer - 29 : -
You can refer this article to know more about CI CD best practices. CI-CD Best Practices
Question - 30 : - What do you understand from Pipeline as Code?
Answer - 30 : -
Pipelines as code means, The configuration of build, test, release and infrastructure pipelines is managed via code that should be placed under some source control. Pipeline as code can be reused with other components. This code perform all activities of pipeline jobs like build, test and deploy in an automated manner. Azure Resource Manager templates (ARM templates) in Azure is the common example of Pipeline as Code.