Many people think that there are 1000 bytes in a kilobyte. After all, "kilo" means 1000. In most cases, this approximation is fine for determining how much space a file takes up or how much disk space you have.
But there are really 1024 bytes in a kilobyte. The reason for this is because computers are based on the binary system. That means hard drives and memory are measured in powers of 2. For example,
2^0 = 1 2^1 = 2 2^2 = 4 2^3 = 8 2^4 = 16 2^5 = 32 2^6 = 64 2^7 = 128 2^8 = 256 2^9 = 512 2^10 = 1024 Notice how 2^10 is 1024. Therefore, 2^10, or 1024 bytes compose one kilobyte. Furthermore, 1024 kilobytes compose one megabyte, and 1024 megabytes compose one gigabyte. For most practical purposes, you can estimate 1024 to 1000. But correcting someone who says there are 1000 bytes in a kilobyte is a great way to impress your friends.
Nobody wants to buy a fast computer just to have it slow to a crawl over time. If your computer is not performing like it used to, there are a number of causes that could be causing the sluggish performance. Here are a few:
A nearly full hard drive. If your hard drive is almost completely full, it is likely many of your files are fragmented. This is because as the hard drive fills up, there are fewer open blocks of space to write additional files to. The result is that new files get written on different sections of the drive (file fragmentation). Your computer takes longer to read fragmented files, since it has to scan more of the hard drive. This can cause your computer to slow down significantly.
Solution: Delete unnecessary files and run a file defragmentation/optimization program such as Norton Speed Disk.
Spyware and viruses. If you're using Windows, there is a high probability that your operating system has been infected by various spyware programs or viruses. These programs run discreetly within your system, taking up CPU and memory, slowing your computer down. They usually find their way into your computer through your Internet connection and are often hard to detect. Viruses and spyware can cause anything from a small drop in your computer's performance to bringing your machine to grinding halt.
Solution: Use Windows Update to download the latest security updates and install at least one antivirus program and antispyware program to find and remove malicious files.
Low memory (RAM). Everything that happens on your PC has to go through the computer's memory at some point. So if you don't have a lot of RAM, it may cause bottleneck when your computer needs to move a lot of information at once. Typically, newer software programs require more RAM than older programs, since they often have more features and better graphics capabilities. If your computer could run old programs well, but is having trouble running new programs, upgrading your memory is the first thing you should do. It's relatively inexpensive and can breath new life into your machine.
Solution: Add more RAM to your computer. Make sure you get the correct type of memory for your machine -- check the size, type, number of pins, and speed of the RAM.
If none of these solutions seem to help boost your computer's performance, you may have
What is credentials ?
Bits and Bytes both measure amounts of data. However, they are typically used in two different contexts.
Bits, kilobits (Kbps), and megabits (Mbps) are most often used to measure data transfer speeds. This may refer to how fast you are downloading a file, or how fast your Internet connection is. For example, if you are downloading a file on cable modem, your download speed might be 240Kbps. This is much faster than a dial-up modem, which maxes out at 56Kbps.
Bytes, on the other hand, are used to measure data storage. For example, a CD holds 700MB (megabytes) of data and a hard drive may hold 250GB (gigabytes). The other important difference is that bytes contain eight bits of data. Therefore, a 240Kbps download is only transferring 30KB of data per second. However, kilobytes per second is not as commonly used as kilobits per second for measuring data transfer speeds. After all, using kilobits per second (Kbps) makes your connection sound eight times faster!
It is important to know that bytes are abbreviated with a capital B, where as bits use a lowercase b. Therefore, Mbps is megabits per second, and MBps is megabytes per second. So 8Mbps is equal to 1MBps.
The amount of memory, or RAM, installed in your computer can significantly affect its performance. For example, having several programs open at the same time may cause your computer to slow down if all the memory is being used. Having too little memory may also prevent you from being able to open applications that require a lot of RAM. (This information is typically listed in the program's system requirements). Therefore, it is helpful to know how much memory is installed in your computer.
In Windows, you can view the amount of memory installed in your computer by right-clicking "My Computer" and selecting "Properties..." A window will open with the amount of RAM displayed underneath the "Computer" section of the window. This window can also be viewed by opening the "System" Control Panel.
If you want to see how much memory your Windows computer is using, you can open the Windows Task Manager by pressing Control-Alt-Delete or Control-Shift-Esc. You can also right-click the Taskbar and select "Task Manager." Once the Task Manager is open, click the "Performance" tab to view how much physical memory is installed in your computer and how much is available.
In Mac OS X, you can view the amount of memory your computer has by simply selecting "About This Mac" from the Apple Menu. The amount of memory is displayed beneath the processor information. If you click "More Info..." the System Profiler will open. You can then select the "Memory" option in the sidebar to view what types of memory modules are installed in each slot.
To see how much RAM you Mac is using, open the Activity Monitor application in the Utilities folder. Select the "System Memory" tab near the bottom of the window to view how much memory is being used and how much is available. The "RSIZE" field in the main section of the window indicates how much memory each process is using. This can help you determine which programs use the most memory.
Hibernate and Standby are two different sleep options that Windows XP offers. Hibernate saves an image of your desktop, including all open windows and files. Then it powers down your computer just as if you had turned it off. When you turn your computer on again, your windows and files are open just as you left them.
Standby is a more traditional sleep mode, as it reduces the power your computer uses to almost nothing. When you select Standby, the power to your screen, hard drive, and peripheral devices is cut. However, the power to the computer's memory (RAM) is maintained so your open files stay open.
1:- Power cycling an electronic device is a technical way of saying "resetting" it. When you power cycle a device, you turn it off and then turn it back on again. Pretty high-tech, huh? Usually, you should let the device sit for a couple seconds after turning it off to make sure the memory in the device is fully cleared before turning it back on.
Any electronic device can be power cycled, but the term is frequently used with cable modems, DSL modems, and routers. This is because small internal errors in these devices can prevent them from functioning correctly. Resetting them typically fixes the errors and allows them to work correctly again.
2: - If the drive only says "CD-ROM" or "DVD-ROM" then it probably does not burn CDs or DVDs. If it says CD-R, then it can burn recordable CDs and if it says CD-RW, it can write and rewrite to rewritable CDs.
If the drive says DVD-R or DVD+R, it can burn DVD-R or DVD+R discs. If it says DVD-RW or DVD+RW, then it can burn rewritable DVDs.
Drives that can burn CDs and read DVDs are often referred to as "Combo Drives" by many PC manufacturers. Apple Computer uses the term "SuperDrive" to refer to drives that can read and write to both CDs and DVDs.
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